Inner Mongolia History
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TOPHistory of organizational system
Inner Mongolia got its name because of the nationality of Mo-nan Mongols. In Tang Dynasty, Inner Mongolia was Turkic region. In Song Dynasty, the Mongol Tribe appeared. In Yuan Dynasty, it became under the administration of Central Secretariat and Lingbei Province. In Ming Dynasty, it was separated into Dada and Wala. In Qing Dynasty, Inner Mongolia was unified and it was divided as Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia according to their inhabiting regions and administrated by the Lifanyuan. In the early period of Republic of China, Inner Mongolia had been in the administration of Rehe Province, Chahaer Province and Suiyuan Province. After the Liberation, it was renamed as Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and this name lasts to nowadays. 23rd of April, 1947 to 3rd of May, the People's Representatives Conference was held in Wangye Temple (today's Wulanhaote city). On the conference, people decided to honor the 1st of May as the birthday of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Then the first autonomous region in China was born. Huluneier, Nawenmuren, Xing'an, Xilinguole, Chahaer League were administrated by Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There were 32 county banners, 1 county, and 3 county-level municipalities. The area was 540,000square kilometers.
TOPHistory of Inner Mongolian Culture
As early as in the Old Stone Age, human had habited in the area of Inner Mongolia, and number of historical relics has proved this. Dayao Relic is one of the stone producing places of ancient humanities. Lots of stone artifacts were discovered in this area, like the stone hammer, stone chopping tools, stone cutting tools and so on. Dayao Relic is a strong evidence to prove that Inner Mongolia had been a cradle of ancient Chinese civilization. While the Hongshan Culture is situated around Chifeng city and south of Tongliao city. These two cities are in the Xilamulun River area and Laoha River area. Hongshan Culture is famous for the painted potteries. The elaborated artifacts discovered in Hongshan area are good materials for scientific researching.
Since the Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty, Central China had controlled Inner Mongolia. They found prefectures like Shuofang, Wuyuan, Yunzhong, Dingxiang, Yanmen, Dai, Shanggu, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and moved lots of people to settle there. Many towns and cities stood up with the cooperating and hard working of all the nationalities which inhabited in this area. Great deal of historical relics discovered in Inner Mongolia proved that the economic, political and cultural exchanges between Central China and Inner Mongolia were very tight and close. The historical relics are as follows: the ancient city in Tuoketuo County, ancient city of Heicheng, ancient city if Sandingzhang, ancient city of Heichengzi, Yuanshangdu, Guihau city and Duolun city and so on.
TOPFamous people in history
Jenghiz Khan
Jenghiz Khan, whose name was Tiemuzhen, a Beierzhijin person of Qiyan family of Mongol Nationality. He was honored as the Taizu Emperor of Yuan Dynasty. Hwe was born in a noble family in Mongol in 1162, his father was Yesugai and mother was Woelun. When Tiemuzhen was 9 years old, his father was killed by his enemy. The difficulties and hardships in his early years put himself through the mill, and he became a hard and wise man. At that time, wars were continuous on the grassland of Mongol. Tiemuzhen depended on his father's old friends and collected his armies. They fought with many tribes in Mongol and won a lot of victories. In 1206, Tiemuzhen found his nation of Mongol at the start of Wonan River, and himself was also called as Jenghiz Khan. Jenghiz Khan divided his county into 95 Qianhu and found a Qiexue Army. He also carried out the Mongol language through his county. During his ruling, the divergences and separations among different tribes disappeared and a united Mongol was formed. Jenghiz Khan had wars with Western Xia Dynasty, Western Liao Dynasty and Jin Dynasty after himself becoming the Khan of Mongol. In 1215, his troops conquered the capital of Zhongdu of Jin Dynasty. 1218, he conquered the Western Liao Dynasty and in 1227, he conquered Western Xia Dynasty as well. During 1219 to 1224, Jenghiz Khan attacked Hualazimo. By this action, the wide land of parts of Asia and Europe became his territory. Because of his great talent, Jenghiz Khan became an outstanding politician and strategist in Chinese history. His great deeds made a great contribution to China and to the communication between China and the outside world.
Hubilie-Hubilie
Hubilie-Hubilie, who was born in 1215 and died in 1294, was the founder of Yuan Dynasty. He was the Shizu Emperor of Yuan Dynasty. He ruled from the year of 1260 to 1294. He was not a king in the first beginning. In the first year of Xianzong, Yuan Dynasty, Hubilie was sent to the Monan and be a leader of that area. During this period, he tried his best to study the Han Nationality's culture. In the 3rd year of Xianzong, he conquered Dali (an ancient country in China). In the year of 1258, he was fighting at Ezhou (today's Wuhan city of Hubei Province). When his brother Xianzong Emperor, Mengge was dead in Sichuan Province, Hubilie negotiated with Southern Song Dynasty and returned to his hometown for the throne. In the next year, he was announced as the king of Mongolia in Kaiping, and the title of that year was Zhongtong. In 1264, he beat Alibuge, the younger brother of Helin. This event strengthened his power. In 1271, Hubilie found Yuan Dynasty and moved their capital to Dadu(today's Beijing). In 1279, Hubilie conquered Southern Song Dynasty and unified the whole China. After founding Yuan Dynasty, he attacked the neighboring countries for several times, but most ended up with failure. During Hubilie's ruling, China became much powerful and economy became prosperous again. He had ruled for 35 years, his title was Shizu Emperor of Yauna Dynasty. Hubilie is also a great emperor, outstanding politician and strategist in Chinese history.
