Heilongjiang History
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Heilongjiang has a long history. Early human beings began to live in Heilongjiang 30,000 to 40,000 years ago. During the pre-Qin days [before 221BC when the First Emperor of Qin (221BC-206BC) united China], the ancients of three ethnic groups of Sushen, Kuaimo and Dong Hu inhabited here. Fuyu, which existed at the end of the Warring States (475-221BC), was the first local regime established in Heilongjiang. In Tang Dynasty (618-907), three prefectures of Shiwei, Heishui and Bohai were established in the region. Khitans, the ethnic group that established Liao Dynasty (907-1125), once captured Bohai Prefecture and established Dongdan Kingdom here. Jin (1115-1234) once set the capital in the Prefecture of Huining (the present Baicheng County in Acheng City). In Ming Dynasty (1367-1644), the court set up Nu’er Gandu Prefecture that administered 384 Wei (places for stationing troops in Ming Dynasty) in northeastern China.
During the following centuries, Heilongjiang saw a series of battles. In Qing Dynasty (1616-1911), the court set up Heilongjiang Prefecture to administer the drainage areas of Heilongjiang River. In the 1680s, the Qing Court won Yakesa Battle over the Russia and signed the Sino-Russia Nibuchu Treaty and set out the east boundary of the sino-Russia countries. In the 1850s, Russia forced a series of treaties on the Qing Government and captured more than 100 sq km of land between Heilongjiang River and Wusuli River. Japan captured Heilongjiang Province after Sept. 18, 1931. After China won the anti-Japanese war in 1945, five provinces, later combined into two provinces of Heilongjiang and Songjiang were established. Later, the two provinces were united into Heilongjiang Province with Harbin as its capital.
