Mongolian Nationality
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Before the Mongolian Nationality formed, there had been many ethnic groups, like Xiongnu, Donghu, Xianbei, Rouran, Turkey, Huihu, Qidan, Shiwei-Daheng and so on. Most historians think that the earliest Mongolian came from the Donghu ethnic group. In the early 13 century, Tiemuzhen unified the tribes in Mongolia. In the spring of 1206, Tiemuzhen called all the nobles of Mongolian at Wonan River, the nation of Mongol was found. Tiemuzhen also became Jenghiz Khan. After this event, Jenghiz Khan carried out the Mongolian language through out the country, people who speak different languages all became the citizens of Mongol. Then, a new nationality, Mongolian Nationality formed finally. Because the area is too huge, there are Eastern Mongolian, Elute, Kaerka, Baerhu, Buliyate, Keerqin, Xilinguole, Ordos, Alashan and some other dialects exist in the area of Mongol. But the Xilinguole Dialect was considered as the standard one.
TOPDiet of Mongolian Nationality
The nomadic living manner decided the diet of Mongolian Nationality. The cattle they raised are not only for producing, but also for living. Meat and milk are the main diet of herdsmen. The food they mainly take is mutton, then the beef. They cherish the horse very much. Only on the religious ceremonies and feasts, horse flesh can be found. Mongolian people like baking and boiling. The most representative are toast whole goat, toast goat leg and the mutton eaten by hand. With the developing of life style, Mongolian diet is also changing. They are not only just taking meat and milk any more, vegetables, noodles and rice play an important role in their daily life as well. Milk is still very important for Mongolian people today. The dairy can be drunk (like fresh milk, yogurt, and milk wine) or eaten (like naipizi, creams). Milk tea is a vital part in the daily life of Mongolian Nationality. It is delicious, good for digesting. Milk tea is not only liked by the Mongolians, but also popular with other nationalities living in this area.
TOPCostume of Mongolian Nationality
Hat, robe and boots are the main parts of Mongolian costume. There are Mongolian hat, Mongolian robe, Mongolian boots，Mongolian vest，Mongolian trousers, Mongolian women decorations and men decorations in the Mongolian costume system. Mongolian hat is also called as Malagai in their own language. Mongolians treat hat as very precious thing. They use valuable diamonds, pearls, fur and silk to make their hat, and there are lots of polite customs about their hat. They never put their hats freely, they put their hats at a high place, and they hate people to cross from their hats. Mongolian robe is the most representative part of Mongolian Nationality. Mongolians call it as Terikelie. It is also full of the characteristics of their living habits. It is very good to keep warm and also very convenient for horse riding. According to the materials of Mongolian robe, we can categorize them into cloth robe and fur robe. There are sheep skin robe, goat skin robe, lamb skin robe, wolf skin robe, fox skin robe, otter skin robe，marten skin robe，snow weasel skin robe and so on. Cloth robe is also categorized as silk robe and common cloth robe. People wear different robe in different season. There is a very long waist band on the Mongolian robe. It is made from cotton cloth or silk.
The color and length of waist band may be different. Men's are often wide and long while women's are narrow and short. Waist band is very useful in Mongolian's daily life. First, it keeps warm. Second, it protects the riders' internal organs. Third, some small things can be hung. Mongolian vest is also an important part of Mongolian costume. It is sleeveless and decorative, usually made from silk, and braided with rainbow cloth or gold or silver lines, the knots are often made of gold, silver, copper, diamond, .or coral. Mongolian boost is also an important part of their traditional costume. It is very useful to prevent people's legs from being bitten by the insects and snakes or from hurting when they ride the horses. There are fur boost, cloth boost and felt boost. With time goes by, the materials and style of the boost change as well.
TOPDecorations of Mongolian Nationality
The traditional decorations of Mongolian men are snuffbox、tobacco pipe、tobacco pocket, Mongolian knife、wristlet, rings, Tuhai and so on. These things are not only beautiful, but also durable and convenient for taking. Dalian is a square-shaped pocket for putting snuffbox and hada. People hang it on the waist. Huolain is the fire making tool people often use before the matches came into their life. Mongolian knife, silver bowl and rings are the favorite things of Mongolian men. The decorations of Mongolian women are often made from gold, silver, pearls, coral，agate、green jade、amber、turquoise、lapis lazuli or some other precious stones. There are hair pins、pendant, Bole、pocket、Xileboqi、bracelets , rings、necklaces and so on. Hair pins are the most important part in all the decorations of Mongolian women's. They are only be wearied on important festivals or ceremonies. Pendant is wearied by the married Mongolian women. Bole is a kind of silver decorations used on the side of vest. Xileboqi is a silver decoration with a lot of coral，wearied on the back and head. Mongolian women like wearing bracelets, rings and necklaces made from precious metal or stones.
TOPhouse of Mongolian Nationality
Yurt is the traditional house of Mongolian Nationality. In the Travels of Macro Polo, it had been described detailed. Yurt satisfied Mongolian people's producing and living demands, it is a vital part in Mongolian culture. The base of yurt is round and the top is cone. On the grassland, wind is strong, so the round base can bear it and the cone top is good for water running and convenient for moving. Yurt is made up of Taonu, Wunihana, wooden net and multi-shaped felt，and it is tightly tied with thick or thin, hundreds of meters long ropes. Yurt constructed in this way is of course very firm. There are clear and definite areas for cooking, host, men, women, and gods worshipping. A lot of rules people should make clear and obey them. For example, get out of your car or get down from your horse when there is a certain distance from the yurt. The threshold，kitchen stove and wood pillar are the 3 holy places that guests should not go around or touch them. Guests can sit when the host permit it and the male guests should sit in the right and the female guests should sit in the left. With the development of their producing and living manner, Mongolian people start to build their own houses and the yurts are mainly used in summer when they need to move.
TOPWedding of Mongolian Nationality
The wedding of Mongolian Nationality has experienced a long time evaluation. Because the Mongolians live throughout the vast grassland and the tribes are so many, the wedding customs are different from place to place, but the main steps are not very different. When the young men and women are in the right age, men will ask someone to persuade his girl to marry him, the girl will not accept easily. This can show man's love and respect to his loving girl. After this process, the man takes sheep, candies, cigarettes and wines to the girl's home, and the girl's relatives will be invited that day, their engagement would be announced to their relatives. Then, the lovers prepare gifts to each other. Mongolians take number 9 as a good one, so they like 9 gifts. If the man has not the ability of giving 9 cattle to the girl, he could give 3, 5, or 7 cattle. The gift to the man is more than the one to girl's. So, people often say it is hard to marry because of the gifts. On the wedding day, it will be very lively. When the bride and bridegroom get to their own yurt, they should circle around it for 3 times, and then, they jump over a pile of burning fire. It means that they are blessed by the fire god and their new life will also be as bright as the flaming fire. On the wedding, people sing and dance. This happy ceremony lasts for 3 days. So, the wedding ceremony is a very important part in Mongolians' life.
TOPRite of Mongolian Nationality
Hada Presenting
Hada is a Tibetan word. It is a piece of silk used as a greeting gift among the Tibetan and Mongol nationalities. It is presented on important ceremonies, like welcome the guests or something else. Hada is usually made from silk or cotton cloth. The Mongolian Hada is mainly white, and there are other colors like light blue or light yellow as well. When a Hada is presented to you, you should take it by your both hands and bow your back a little, because the host does the same thing to you. This action shows the respect to each other.
Snuffbox passing
Passing the snuffbox is also an old tradition of Mongolian Nationality, and it is also the most ordinary amenity when people meet each other. This shows the respect and friendship. When you are a guest in a Mongolian family, the host will takes out his snuffbox with snuffing tobacco in and pass it to you. You should smell it. The snuffbox is small, but very good looking, beautiful pictures are also caved on it. The snuffbox may be oblate、oval、cylindraceous or some other shapes. There is a small spoon in it. The spoon may be made of gold, silver, copper, camel bone or elephant teeth. The tobacco in snuffbox is very aroma. It may be tobacco powder or herbs.
Tobacco filling
When a guest comes into a Mongolian family, the guest would say to the host: Please smoke. The host accepts and takes the pipe of guest and to fill it with his own tobacco. Then, he gives his pipe to the guest, the guest should also fill host's pipe with his own tobacco. Then, they smoke with each one's pipe. The pipe is often made of silver and flowers usually caved on it. The mouth of pipe is made of agate or jade, tobacco brier is made of copper. As for the tobacco pocket, it is made of colorful silk. The smoking things of Mongolians are really arts.
TOPFestival
Nadam Grassland festival
Naadam means entertainment in the Mongolian. The Nadam Grassland festival is a magnificent fair featuring traditional Mongolian mass recreational and sports activities. [View Details]
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